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基于表面肌电信号的行走环境与步态周期识别 Special Feature on Intelligent Robats

Seulki KYEONG, Wonseok SHIN, Minjin YANG, Ung HEO, Ji-rou FENG, Jung KIM

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第3期页码 342-352 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800601

摘要：在外骨骼机器人控制研究中，识别及预测操作者运动意图是一项很大挑战。外骨骼机器人是一种检测和驱动人体运动的机械动力装置，因其复杂的人机交互技术，需要使用很多不同类型传感器。当使用各种传感器时，需要选择数据类型以进行有效传感。肌电信号能在实际运动做出之前识别预期动作，并且可以缩短外骨骼机器人控制中的时间延迟。为应用下肢外骨骼帮助行走，本文工作旨在使用不同类型传感器（包括表面肌电信号传感器）识别行走环境和区分步态周期。为此，将地面反作用力、人机相互作用力、位置传感器和表面肌电信号传感器相结合，对4个受试者进行步态实验。本文展示了在行走环境与步态周期的识别中使用表面肌电信号及其他类型传感器的实验成果。选择不同传感器类型组合、表面肌电信号传感器不同位置组合以及表面肌电信号不同特征值组合，作为有效数据类型。实验结果表明，与使用单个力学传感器相比，将表面肌电信号传感器与其结合使用，可使识别结果得到很大改善。此外，在3种不同类型传感器的不同组合中，使用表面肌电信号与位置传感器信息的组合得出最高分类准确率。当使用全部4种类型传感器时，行走环境与步态周期分类准确率分别为96.1%与97.8%。在腿部5个表面肌电传感器不同位置组合里，股内侧肌和腓肠肌组合是最有效的2种肌肉类型组合。当仅使用表面肌电信号进行分类时，该组合在行走环境识别实验中，足跟接地前与足趾离地前的情况下，分类准确率分别为74.4%与71.7%；步态周期分类准确率为68%。两组有效的表面肌电信号特征值组合分别是“平均绝对值、过零点数”与“平均绝对值、波形长度”。“平均绝对值、过零点书”特征组合在行走环境识别实验中，在足跟接地前与足趾离地前情况下，分类准确率分别为80%与77.1%；步态周期分类准确率为75.5%。上述结果表明，表面肌电信号可有效用于控制外骨骼机器人。

关键词：行走环境；步态周期；表面肌电信号；外骨骼

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Design of active orthoses for a robotic gait rehabilitation system

A. C. VILLA-PARRA,L. BROCHE,D. DELISLE-RODRÍGUEZ,R. SAGARÓ,T. BASTOS,A. FRIZERA-NETO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第3期页码 242-254 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0350-1

摘要：

An active orthosis (AO) is a robotic device that assists both human gait and rehabilitation therapy. This work proposes portable AOs, one for the knee joint and another for the ankle joint. Both AOs will be used to complete a robotic system that improves gait rehabilitation. The requirements for actuator selection, the biomechanical considerations during the AO design, the finite element method, and a control approach based on electroencephalographic and surface electromyographic signals are reviewed. This work contributes to the design of AOs for users with foot drop and knee flexion impairment. However, the potential of the proposed AOs to be part of a robotic gait rehabilitation system that improves the quality of life of stroke survivors requires further investigation.

关键词： active orthosis gait rehabilitation electroencephalography surface electromyography

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新型立式网状宫内节育器对动物子宫肌电和内膜容受性的影响

王磊光,郭成浩,邱毅

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第5期页码 47-51

摘要：

探讨新型立式网状宫内节育器（new three-dimensional and reticular intrauterine device，NTDR-IUD）对正常子宫肌电和内膜容受性的影响。制作3 种规格（短、中及长）的IUD，放置在成年雌性新西兰大白兔子宫内，按常规无菌手术在耻骨联合正中切口切开腹壁，应用电生理仪进行子宫肌电检测。放置NTDRIUD后，慢波频率加快，平均振幅增大，单波最大振幅增大，频率加快；短、中及长NTDR-IUD使兔子宫肌电爆发波的持续时间逐渐延长，最大振幅增大；10 只正常对照组合笼1 月后均妊娠，短NTDR-IUD组有5 只在未被IUD占据的部位发现兔胎，中NTDR-IUD组有2 只发现兔胎，长NTDR-IUD组未发现兔胎。妊娠只数长NTDR-IUD 组与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）；短NTDR-IUD 组与对照组及长NTDR-IUD组比较，均有统计学意义（P=0.033），中等长度NTDR-IUD组与对照组比较，有统计学意义（P=0.001）。NTDR-IUD通过干扰子宫肌电参与避孕，其避孕效果与IUD大小有关。

关键词：立式网状宫内节育器子宫肌电内膜容受性

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Cell surface protein engineering for high-performance whole-cell catalysts

Hajime Nakatani,Katsutoshi Hori

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 46-57 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1609-3

摘要： Cell surface protein engineering facilitated by accumulation of information on genome and protein structure involves heterologous production and modification of cell surface proteins using genetic engineering, and is important for the development of high-performance whole-cell catalysts. In this field, cell surface display is a major technology by exposing target proteins, such as enzymes, on the cell surface using a carrier protein. The target proteins are fused to the carrier proteins that transport and tether them to the cell surface, as well as to a secretion signal. This paper reviews cell surface display systems for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the perspective of carrier proteins, which determine the number of displayed molecules, and the localization, size, and direction ( or terminal anchoring) of the passengers. We also discuss advanced methods for displaying multiple enzymes and a new method for the immobilization of whole-cell catalysts using adhesive surface proteins.

关键词： cell surface engineering surface display whole-cell catalysts bioprocess

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An Exploration of Surface Integrity Remanufacturing for Aeroengine Components

Qiao Xiang,Yong He,Ting-hong Hou

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 107-114 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016025

摘要： Surface integrity is the major factor impacting on the operation quality, service life and reliability of the aeroengine components. The surface integrity of aeroengine component is damaged by the failures such as crack, deformation, oxidation, corrosion, erosion, and microstructural degeneration. It adopts advanced remanufacturing technologies to restore or improve the surface integrity and regenerate these high value parts. This paper firstly puts forward the concept, namely surface integrity remanufacturing for aeroengine components, and its connotation. The key remanufacturing technologies have been developed to repair the components with surface damages. Ultimately, some application examples of surface integrity remanufacturing technologies as well as their effects in aeroengine maintenance are introduced. The discarded components have been reused and their service lives have been extended and their reliability has been increased by implementing surface integrity remanufacturing. It has realized “The Repaired Components Outpacing the New Ones”, material saving, energy saving, and emission reduction.

关键词： aeroengine component surface integrity remanufacturing surface integrity remanufacturing

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Review on mechanism and process of surface polishing using lasers

Arun KRISHNAN, Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 299-319 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0535-0

摘要： Laser polishing is a technology of smoothening the surface of various materials with highly intense laser beams. When these beams impact on the material surface to be polished, the surface starts to be melted due to the high temperature. The melted material is then relocated from the ‘peaks to valleys’ under the multidirectional action of surface tension. By varying the process parameters such as beam intensity, energy density, spot diameter, and feed rate, different rates of surface roughness can be achieved. High precision polishing of surfaces can be done using laser process. Currently, laser polishing has extended its applications from photonics to molds as well as bio-medical sectors. Conventional polishing techniques have many drawbacks such as less capability of polishing freeform surfaces, environmental pollution, long processing time, and health hazards for the operators. Laser polishing on the other hand eliminates all the mentioned drawbacks and comes as a promising technology that can be relied for smoothening of initial topography of the surfaces irrespective of the complexity of the surface. Majority of the researchers performed laser polishing on materials such as steel, titanium, and its alloys because of its low cost and reliability. This article gives a detailed overview of the laser polishing mechanism by explaining various process parameters briefly to get a better understanding about the entire polishing process. The advantages and applications are also explained clearly to have a good knowledge about the importance of laser polishing in the future.

关键词： laser polishing surface roughness process parameters mechanism

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降低自行车运动中股四头肌消耗的无动力膝关节外骨骼研究 Article

Ronnapee Chaichaowarat,Jun Kinugawa,Kazuhiro Kosuge

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 471-478 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.011

摘要：

自行车是一种环保且具有娱乐性的交通方式。为了减少自行车运动的能量消耗同时不消耗额外的能源，我们提出利用扭力弹簧对膝关节伸展进行支撑。我们开发了一个基于嵌入式扭转弹簧与交叉四杆机构的膝关节外骨骼原型机。在研究过程中，通过分析8 名健康男性参与者以恒定功率骑行测试的数据，对原型机性能进行了评估。记录参与者在200 W 和225 W 带有加速系统的骑行训练机运动时两个腿部股直肌的表面肌电图（EMG）。然后，通过连续小波变换在时间频率上分析这些数据。在相同的骑行速度和腿部节奏下，肌电的中值功率谱频率随骑行负荷的增加而增加。在相同的骑行载荷下，外骨骼机器人可使中值功率谱频率降低。外骨骼机器人不消耗电能，不传递净正机械功，可减轻股四头肌的活动。此项基础研究可应用于骑行辅助可穿戴设备的进一步开发。

关键词：增强自行车运动能量消耗肌电图学外骨骼膝盖矫正器肌肉活动

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Tribological study on the surface modification of metal-on-polymer bioimplants

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0682-6

摘要： The tribological performance of artificial joints is regarded as the main factor of the lifespan of implanted prostheses. The relationship between surface roughness and coefficient of friction (COF) under dry and lubricated conditions is studied. Results show that under dry test, friction coefficient is not reduced all the time with a decrease in surface roughness. On the contrary, a threshold of roughness value is observed, and frictional force increases again below this value. This critical value lies between 40 and 100 nm in S_a (roughness). This phenomenon is due to the transfer of friction mechanisms from abrasion to adhesion. Under wet test, COF always decreases with reduction in surface roughness. This result is mainly attributed to the existence of a thin layer of lubricant film that prevents the intimate contact of two articulating surfaces, thus greatly alleviating adhesion friction. Furthermore, surface texturing technology is successful in improving the corresponding tribological performance by decreasing friction force and mitigating surface deterioration. The even-distribution mode of texturing patterns is most suitable for artificial joints. By obtaining the optimal surface roughness and applying texturing technology, the tribological performance of polymer-based bioimplants can be greatly enhanced.

关键词： artificial joints surface roughness friction surface texturing

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Development of surface reconstruction algorithms for optical interferometric measurement

Dongxu WU, Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第1期页码 1-31 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0602-6

摘要： Optical interferometry is a powerful tool for measuring and characterizing areal surface topography in precision manufacturing. A variety of instruments based on optical interferometry have been developed to meet the measurement needs in various applications, but the existing techniques are simply not enough to meet the ever-increasing requirements in terms of accuracy, speed, robustness, and dynamic range, especially in on-line or on-machine conditions. This paper provides an in-depth perspective of surface topography reconstruction for optical interferometric measurements. Principles, configurations, and applications of typical optical interferometers with different capabilities and limitations are presented. Theoretical background and recent advances of fringe analysis algorithms, including coherence peak sensing and phase-shifting algorithm, are summarized. The new developments in measurement accuracy and repeatability, noise resistance, self-calibration ability, and computational efficiency are discussed. This paper also presents the new challenges that optical interferometry techniques are facing in surface topography measurement. To address these challenges, advanced techniques in image stitching, on-machine measurement, intelligent sampling, parallel computing, and deep learning are explored to improve the functional performance of optical interferometry in future manufacturing metrology.

关键词： surface topography measurement optical interferometry coherence envelope phase-shifting algorithm

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Hysteretic behavior of cambered surface steel tube damper: Theoretical and experimental research

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 606-624 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0925-6

摘要： A novel cambered surface steel tube damper (CSTD) with a cambered surface steel tube and two concave connecting plates is proposed herein. The steel tube is the main energy dissipation component and comprises a weakened segment in the middle, a transition segment, and an embedded segment. It is believed that during an earthquake, the middle weakened segment of the CSTD will be damaged, whereas the reliability of the end connection is ensured. Theoretical and experimental studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed CSTD. Formulas for the initial stiffness and yield force of the CSTD are proposed. Subsequently, two CSTD specimens with different steel tube thicknesses are fabricated and tested under cyclic quasi-static loads. The result shows that the CSTD yields a stable hysteretic response and affords excellent energy dissipation. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the steel tube height, diameter, and thickness on the seismic performance of the CSTD. Compared with equal-stiffness design steel tube dampers, the CSTD exhibits better energy dissipation performance, more stable hysteretic response, and better uniformity in plastic deformation distributions.

关键词： cambered surface steel tube damper energy dissipation capacity finite element model hysteretic performance parametric study

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Materials and surface engineering to control bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation: A review of recent

Huan GU, Dacheng REN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 20-33 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1412-3

摘要： Bacterial adhesion to surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation are a leading cause of chronic infections and biofouling. These processes are highly sensitive to environmental factors and present a challenge to research using traditional approaches with uncontrolled surfaces. Recent advances in materials research and surface engineering have brought exciting opportunities to pattern bacterial cell clusters and to obtain synthetic biofilms with well-controlled cell density and morphology of cell clusters. In this article, we will review the recent achievements in this field and comment on the future directions.

关键词： surface engineering materials bacterial adhesion biofilm control review

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Dynamic response surface methodology using Lasso regression for organic pharmaceutical synthesis

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 221-236 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2061-y

摘要： To study the dynamic behavior of a process, time-resolved data are collected at different time instants during each of a series of experiments, which are usually designed with the design of experiments or the design of dynamic experiments methodologies. For utilizing such time-resolved data to model the dynamic behavior, dynamic response surface methodology (DRSM), a data-driven modeling method, has been proposed. Two approaches can be adopted in the estimation of the model parameters: stepwise regression, used in several of previous publications, and Lasso regression, which is newly incorporated in this paper for the estimation of DRSM models. Here, we show that both approaches yield similarly accurate models, while the computational time of Lasso is on average two magnitude smaller. Two case studies are performed to show the advantages of the proposed method. In the first case study, where the concentrations of different species are modeled directly, DRSM method provides more accurate models compared to the models in the literature. The second case study, where the reaction extents are modeled instead of the species concentrations, illustrates the versatility of the DRSM methodology. Therefore, DRSM with Lasso regression can provide faster and more accurate data-driven models for a variety of organic synthesis datasets.

关键词： data-driven modeling pharmaceutical organic synthesis Lasso regression dynamic response surface methodology

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Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0875-5

摘要： Two types of amphiphilic nanoparticles were prepared via silanization reaction. Amphiphilic nanoparticles tend to protrude from membrane matrix by segregation. Blending with amphiphilic nanoparticles further enhances membrane hydrophilicity. Excessive silanization cause adverse effect on blending efficiency. Membrane modification is one of the most feasible and effective solutions to membrane fouling problem which tenaciously hampered the further augmentation of membrane separation technology. Blending modification with nanoparticles (NPs), owing to the convenience of being incorporated in established membrane production lines, possesses an advantageous viability in practical applications. However, the existing blending strategy suffers from a low utilization efficiency due to NP encasement by membrane matrix. The current study proposed an improved blending modification approach with amphiphilic NPs (aNPs), which were prepared through silanization using 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) as coupling agents and ZnO or SiO as pristine NPs (pNPs), respectively. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of appropriate organic components in both the ZnO and SiO aNPs, which verified the success of the silanization process. As compared with the pristine and conventional pNP-blended membranes, both the ZnO aNP-blended and SiO aNP-blended membranes with proper silanization (100% and 200% w/w) achieved a significantly increased blending efficiency with more NPs scattering on the internal and external membrane surfaces under scanning electron microscope observation. This improvement contributed to the increase of membrane hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, an extra dosage of the TMSPMA led to an encasement of NPs, thereby adversely affecting the properties of the resultant membranes. On the basis of all the tests, 100% (w/w) was selected as the optimum TMSPMA dosage for blending modification for both the ZnO and SiO types.

关键词： Membrane modification Nanoparticle Hydrophilic Amphiphilic Blending

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Radiative properties of materials with surface scattering or volume scattering: A review

Qunzhi ZHU, Hyunjin LEE, Zhuomin M. HANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 60-79 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0011-3

摘要： Radiative properties of rough surfaces, particulate media and porous materials are important in thermal engineerit transfer between surfaces and volume elements in participating media, as well as for accurate radiometric temperature measurements. In this paper, recent research on scattering of thermal radiation by rough surfaces, fibrous insulation, soot, aerogel, biological materials, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was reviewed. Both theoretical modeling and experimental investigation are discussed. Rigorous solutions and approximation methods for surface scattering and volume scattering are described. The approach of using measured surface roughness statistics in Monte Carlo simulations to predict radiative properties of rough surfaces is emphasized. The effects of various parameters on the radiative properties of particulate media and porous materials are summarized.

关键词： aerogel fiber particle scattering radiative properties soot surface roughness

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Fractal characteristic evaluation and interpolation reconstruction for surface topography of drilled

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 840-854 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0643-5

摘要： In this paper, an improved fractal interpolation model is proposed to reconstruct the surface topography of composite hole wall. This model adopts the maximum positive deviations and maximum negative deviations between the measured values and trend values to determine the contraction factors. Hole profiles in 24 directions are measured. Fractal parameters are calculated to evaluate the measured surface profiles. The maximum and minimum fractal dimension of the hole wall are 1.36 and 1.07, whereas the maximum and minimum fractal roughness are 4.05 × 10 ⁻⁵ and 4.36 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ m, respectively. Based on the two-dimensional evaluation results, three-dimensional surface topographies in five typical angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 165°) are reconstructed using the improved model. Fractal parameter D _s and statistical parameters Sa, Sq, and Sz are used to evaluate the reconstructed surfaces. Average error of D _s, Sa, Sq, and Sz between the measured surfaces and the reconstructed surfaces are 1.53%, 3.60%, 5.60%, and 9.47%, respectively. Compared with the model in published literature, the proposed model has equal reconstruction effect in relatively smooth surface and is more advanced in relatively rough surface. Comparative results prove that the proposed model for calculating contraction factors is more reasonable.

关键词： surface topography fractal evaluation fractal interpolation reconstruction composite